This research article centers on the formulation and analysis of a novel prey–predator model
that integrates the impacts of predation fear, prey refuge, and carry-over effects. The model …

In this study, we investigate the impact of memory effects through the application of the
fractal–fractional derivative operator on population dynamics in computer viruses. By …

This research paper presents an eco-epidemiological model that investigates the intricate
dynamics of a predator–prey system, considering the impact of fear-induced stress, hunting …

In this paper, we have studied a fractional-order eco-epidemiological model incorporating
fear, treatment, and hunting cooperation effects to explore the memory effect in the …

In an ecological system, omnivores are often significantly important as they feed upon more
than one trophic level in a food chain model. Intraguild predation is a special kind of …

This paper explores a novel generalized one-dimensional fractional order Granular
equation with the effect of periodic forced term. This type of equation arises in different area …

Memory over past events has great importance on the survival of species in an ecological
system. It is helpful in searching favourite food, esca** from predator attacks, group …

In this paper, we study the dynamic behaviors of a fractional order predator–prey system, in
which the prey population has three effects: Allee effect, fear effect, and shelter effect. First …

The current research aims to implement the numerical results for the Holling third kind of
functional response delay differential model utilizing a stochastic framework based on …

The most important fact in the field of theoretical ecology and evolutionary biology is the
strategy of predation for predators and avoidance of prey from predator attack. A lot of …