The diverse vision systems found in nature can provide interesting design inspiration for
imaging devices, ranging from optical subcomponents to digital cameras and visual …

Visual opsin genes expressed in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina are core
components of the visual sensory system of vertebrates. Here, we provide an overview of the …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Daylight stems solely from direct, scattered and reflected sunlight, and undergoes dynamic
changes in irradiance and spectral power composition due to latitude, time of day, time of …

Evidence is reviewed from a wide range of studies relevant to the evolution of vertebrate
photoreceptors and phototransduction, in order to permit the synthesis of a scenario for the …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

The phylum M ollusca is highly speciose, and is the largest phylum in the marine realm. The
great majority of molluscs are shelled, including nearly all bivalves, most gastropods and …

Intelligence is defined for wild plants and its role in fitness identified. Intelligent behaviour
exhibited by single cells and systems similarity between the interactome and connectome …

The opsin gene family encodes key proteins animals use to sense light and has expanded
dramatically as it originated early in animal evolution. Understanding the origins of opsin …

The nervous systems of cnidarians, pre-bilaterian animals that diverged close to the base of
the metazoan radiation, are structurally simple and thus have great potential to reveal …