The present study investigates the debugging process of 526 children in preschool (4–6
aged) when programming a tangible robot. When a child is involved in programming, it is …

Block-based programming (BBP) environments have become increasingly commonplace
computer science education. Despite a rapidly expanding ecosystem of BBP environments …

Student modeling is central to many educational technologies as it enables predicting future
learning outcomes and designing targeted instructional strategies. However, open-ended …

Novice programming subject refers to the first programming subject taken by a student. This
is also commonly known as Computer Science 1 (CS1) subject. It is concluded that the …

Hands-on cybersecurity training allows students and professionals to practice various tools
and improve their technical skills. The training occurs in an interactive learning environment …

With a growing number of ScratchJr usage, over 19 million users worldwide, we examined
the use in the United States of the free ScratchJr programming language, explicitly designed …

Block-based visual programming environments are increasingly used to introduce
computing concepts to beginners. Given that programming tasks are open-ended and …

A literature review revealed that students learning computational thinking (CT) via Scratch
often require substantial teacher support. We surveyed grade 6-9 teachers to learn their …

Computer science (CS) outreach during K-12 grades plays a huge role in students' interest
to pursue computing as a career. With the current 13 percent projected growth of computing …

Block-based programming environments are widely used by novices who are learning
computer science. However, even in block-based coding environments that have been …