The emergence of numerous consensus algorithms for distributed systems has resulted from
the swift advancement of blockchain and its related technologies. Consensus algorithms …

Applying sharding protocol to address scalability challenges in alliance chain is popular.
However, inevitable cross-shard transactions significantly hamper performance even at low …

Executing smart contracts is a compute and storage-intensive task, which currently
dominates modern blockchain's performance. Given that computers are becoming …

The consensus protocol is one of the core technologies in blockchain, which plays a crucial
role in ensuring the block generation rate, consistency, and safety of the blockchain system …

Maintaining data consistency in distributed computing is essential to maintain system
reliability. To this end, many consensus techniques that can maintain data consistency even …

Consensus protocols play a vital role in blockchain by determining block generation speed
and ensuring blocks' consistency and security. To address issues such as low efficiency and …

Traditional distributed systems, such as those used in banking and real estate, require a
trusted third party to operate and maintain them, which is highly dependent on the reliability …