Purpose The weathering hypothesis states that chronic exposure to social and economic
disadvantage leads to accelerated decline in physical health outcomes and could partially …

Forty decades of sociological stress research offer five major findings. First, when stressors
(negative events, chronic strains, and traumas) are measured comprehensively, their …

Black women in the United States have experienced substantial improvements in health
during the last century, yet health disparities persist. These health disparities are in large …

Conservation of resources (COR) theory has become one of the two leading theories of
stress and trauma in the past 20 years, along with the pioneering theory of Lazarus and …

Disparities in social determinants of health (SDOH) play a significant role in causing health
inequities globally. The physical environment, including housing and workplace …

As the twentieth century drew to a close, the rich were getting richer; power was
concentrating within huge corporations; vast tracts of the earth were being laid waste; three …

Objectives. We considered whether US Blacks experience early health deterioration, as
measured across biological indicators of repeated exposure and adaptation to stressors …

Health and longevity are intimately related to position in the social hierarchy. The lower the
status, the higher risk of illness and death, and consequently the shorter the life expectancy …

Investigating effects of discrimination upon health requires clear concepts, methods, and
measures. At issue are both economic consequences of discrimination and accumulated …

Income is related to health in three ways: through the gross national product of countries, the
income of individuals, and the income inequalities among rich nations and among …