Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-
functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications …

In recent years, new probiotic-related concepts such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have
been used to describe non-viable microorganisms or bacterial-free extracts that may provide …

Postbiotics are non-viable bacterial products or metabolic byproducts produced by probiotic
microorganisms that have biologic activity in the host. Postbiotics are functional bioactive …

Highlights•The existing terminologies regarding probiotics have been criticized.•New
terminologies for all aspects of probiotic benefits have been proposed and …

There are many critical challenges in the use of primary and secondary cultures and their
biological compounds in food commodities. An alternative is the application of postbiotics …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are distinguished by their ability to produce lactic acid, among
other interesting metabolites with antimicrobial activity. A cell‐free supernatant (CFS) is a …

Poultry is thriving across the globe. Chicken meat is the most preferred poultry worldwide,
and its popularity is increasing. However, poultry also threatens human hygiene, especially …

Postbiotics may be defined as soluble metabolites released by food-grade microorganisms
during the growth and fermentation in complex microbiological culture, food or gut. It is rich …

This review was the first to gather literature about the effect of emerging technologies on
probiotic, prebiotic, and postbiotic products. Applying emerging technologies to probiotic …

Postbiotics are bioactive substances that are useful and are produced during fermentation in
the matrix. Postbiotics are under a fragile balance in our body, excessive metabolities, may it …