Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal
plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes,
Ca2+ is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse …

The calpains are a conserved family of cysteine proteinases that catalyse the controlled
proteolysis of many specific substrates. Calpain activity is implicated in several fundamental …

Reperfusion may induce additional cell death in patients with acute myocardial infarction
receiving primary angioplasty or thrombolysis. Altered intracellular Ca2+ handling was …

TNFα is crucially involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis,
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure. The formation and release of TNFα …

The calpain family of proteases has been implicated in cellular processes such as
apoptosis, proliferation and cell migration. Calpains are involved in several key aspects of …

Mitochondrial activity is critical for efficient function of the cardiovascular system. In response
to cardiovascular injury, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs and can lead to apoptosis and …

We have designed a highly specific inhibitor of calpain by mimicking a natural protein–
protein interaction between calpain and its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin. To enable this …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca 2+) and the complex regulatory system governed by Ca 2+
signaling have been described to be of crucial importance in numerous aspects related to …

The intracellular protein HMGB1 is released from cells and acts as a damage-associated
molecular pattern molecule during many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease …