Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that
affects between 5 and 10% of the general population worldwide. The current symptom …

The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among
the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival …

Mechanisms resulting in abdominal pain include altered neuro-immune interactions in the
gastrointestinal tract, but the signaling processes that link immune activation with visceral …

The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract
and the brain initially termed the “gut–brain axis” and renamed the “microbiota–gut–brain …

Gastrointestinal (GI) pain—a form of visceral pain—is common in some disorders, such as
irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease and pancreatitis. However, identifying the cause …

The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well as
contributes to mental health maintenance. The pathways that underpin the axis expand from …

Current evidence suggests that activation of glial and immune cells leads to increased
production of proinflammatory mediators, creating a neuroinflammatory state …

Inflammation in the intestines causes abdominal pain that is challenging to manage. The
terminals of sensory neurons innervating the gut are surrounded by glia. Here, using a …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a sustained and nonreversible condition characterized by long-
term devastating physical and psychological damage. Therefore, it is urgent to identify an …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous
system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and …