The immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The
aim of this mechanistic review is to examine:(a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription …

Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia
are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the …

Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral
artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success of …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

The inflammatory response involves the activation of several cell types to fight insults
caused by a plethora of agents, and to maintain the tissue homoeostasis. On the one hand …

The signaling cascade between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible
factor-1α (HIF-1α) can be activated by proinflammatory M1 macrophages in rheumatoid …

The key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation (hypoxia
inducible factor, HIF, and nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB, respectively) are evolutionarily …

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an
important role in the general well-being of the entire organism. The gut microbiota generates …

Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a
majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional …