Brown and beige adipocytes are mitochondria-enriched cells capable of dissipating energy
in the form of heat. These thermogenic fat cells were originally considered to function solely …

Abstract Cannon, Barbara, and Jan Nedergaard. Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and
Physiological Significance. Physiol Rev 84: 277–359, 2004; 10.1152/physrev. 00015.2003 …

Obesity is defined medically as a state of increased body weight, more specifically adipose
tissue, of sufficient magnitude to produce adverse health consequences. There has been an …

Thyroid hormones (THs) play critical roles in the differentiation, growth, metabolism, and
physiological function of virtually all tissues. TH binds to receptors that are ligand …

Restricting the intake of calories has been practiced as a method for increasing both the
length and quality of life for over 500years. Experimental work confirming the success of this …

Mitochondria are potent producers of cellular superoxide, from complexes I and III of the
electron transport chain, and mitochondrial superoxide production is a major cause of the …

Calorie restriction (CR) is the only experimental manipulation that is known to extend the
lifespan of a number of organisms including yeast, worms, flies, rodents and perhaps non …

Abstract β cells sense glucose through its metabolism and the resulting increase in ATP,
which subsequently stimulates insulin secretion. Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates …

Evidence for the physiological functions of UCP2 and UCP3 is critically reviewed. They do
not mediate adaptive thermogenesis, but they may be significantly thermogenic under …

Sir2 and insulin/IGF-1 are the major pathways that im**e upon aging in lower organisms.
In Caenorhabditis elegans a possible genetic link between Sir2 and the insulin/IGF-1 …