Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the
history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification …

Echinoderms are a major group (phylum) of invertebrate animals with a rich fossil record
stretching back to the Cambrian period, approximately 518 million years ago. While all …

Biomineralization is the process in which organisms use minerals to generate hard
structures like teeth, skeletons and shells. Biomineralization is proposed to have evolved …

The success of today's calcifying organisms in tomorrow's oceans depends, in part, on the
resilience of their skeletons to ocean acidification. To the extent this statement is true there is …

In echinoderms, the coelomic epithelium (CE) is reportedly the source of new circulating
cells (coelomocytes) as well as the provider of molecular factors such as immunity-related …

Members of the alx gene family encode transcription factors that contain a highly conserved
Paired-class, DNA-binding homeodomain, and a C-terminal OAR/Aristaless domain …

Regeneration as an adult developmental process is in many aspects similar to embryonic
development. Although many studies point out similarities and differences, no large-scale …