There has been a steep increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases, reaching epidemic
proportions and now affecting more than one billion people worldwide. These diseases are …

In the past few decades, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide. Here,
we review the etiology and pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including the role of the …

Background Onset of allergic asthma has a strong association with childhood but only a few
studies have analyzed incidence of asthma from childhood to late adulthood in relation to …

Background As one of the main functional forms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-
derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown an alternative therapeutic option in …

Background Infectious agents can reprogram or “train” macrophages and their progenitors to
respond more readily to subsequent insults. However, whether such an inflammatory …

Mast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in
protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found …

Mast cells (MCs) are central effector cells in allergic reactions that are often mediated by
immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergies commonly start at an early age, and both MCs and IgE are …

Background Severe asthma is a considerable challenge for patients, health‐care
professionals and society. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of severe asthma …

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a high mortality rate and a
rapidly increasing prevalence in recent decades that is closely linked to environmental …

Anthropogenic climate change adversely impacts human health. In this perspective, we
examine the impact of climate change on respiratory health risk. We describe five respiratory …