The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease,
which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes …

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, the signature cytokines that are produced during
type 2 immune responses, are critical for protective immunity against infections of …

OBJECTIVE Previous studies showed that inhibiting lymphocyte costimulation reduces
declining β-cell function in individuals newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. We tested …

Both environmental and genetic triggers factor into the etiology of autoimmune thyroid
disease (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Although …

The immune system is guided by a series of checks and balances, a major component of
which is a large array of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways that modulate the host …

The immune system ensures optimum T-effector (Teff) immune responses against invading
microbes and tumor antigens while preventing inappropriate autoimmune responses …

The success of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in the treatment of lymphoid
malignancies provided proof-of-principle for exploiting the immune system therapeutically …

CD28/B7 costimulation has been implicated in the induction and progression of autoimmune
diseases. Experimentally induced models of autoimmunity have been shown to be …

▪ Abstract Autoimmunity is a complex process that likely results from the summation of
multiple defective tolerance mechanisms. The NOD mouse strain is an excellent model of …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are required for immune homeostasis. Chromatin remodeling
is essential for establishing diverse cellular identities, but how the epigenetic program in …