The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2~ 21 kPa) and its ultimate
distribution within mitochondria (as low as~ 0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended …

This chapter is devoted to the role of genetic variation and gene-exercise interactions in the
biology of adaptation to exercise. There is evidence from genetic epidemiology research that …

The molecular pathways that are activated and contribute to physiological remodeling of
skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise have not been fully characterized. We …

Damage of cartilage structures in the head and neck region as well as in orthopedic sites
are frequently caused by trauma, tumor resection, or congenital defects. Despite a high …

Introduction The capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) to be
induced into chondrocytes has drawn much attention for cell-based cartilage repair. BMSCs …

Meniscus degeneration due to age or injury can lead to osteoarthritis. Although promising,
current cell-based approaches show limited success. Here we present three-dimensional …

Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have long been considered the
criterion standard for stem cell sources in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. The true test …

BACKGROUND: Engineering musculoskeletal cartilages with stem cells remains a
challenge because researchers must control many factors, including differentiation and …

Objective: The avascular inner regions of the knee menisci cannot self-heal. As a
prospective treatment, functional replacements can be generated by cell-based 3D …

Given the low self-healing capacity of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage, tissue engineering
holds great promise for the development of new regenerative therapies. However …