Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent
X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities …

Free-electron lasers and high-harmonic-generation table-top systems are new sources of
extreme-ultraviolet to hard X-ray photons, providing ultrashort pulses that are intense …

By illuminating matter with bright and intense light, researchers gain insights into material
composition and properties. In the regime of extremely short wavelengths, X-ray free …

Chloride transport by microbial rhodopsins is an essential process for which molecular
details such as the mechanisms that convert light energy to drive ion pum** and ensure …

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are state-of-the-art scientific tools capable to study matter
on the scale of atomic processes. Since the initial operation of X-ray FELs more than a …

Photolyases, a ubiquitous class of flavoproteins, use blue light to repair DNA photolesions.
In this work, we determined the structural mechanism of the photolyase-catalyzed repair of a …

The metal centres in metalloenzymes and molecular catalysts are responsible for the
rearrangement of atoms and electrons during complex chemical reactions, and they enable …

A self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) is a promising approach to realize bright, fully
coherent free-electron laser (FEL) sources in the hard X-ray domain that have been a long …

High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy in the sub-nanosecond to femtosecond time range
requires ultrashort X-ray pulses and a spectral X-ray flux considerably larger than that …

The cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) has promise in producing fully coherent
pulses with a bandwidth of a few meV and very stable intensity, whereas the currently …