Sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to cis-
regulatory elements in promoter and enhancer DNA. While studies of TF–DNA binding have …

Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with
Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have …

Human gene expression is regulated by more than 2,000 transcription factors and chromatin
regulators,. Effector domains within these proteins can activate or repress transcription …

Hox genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are essential for the
proper development of bilaterian organisms. Hox genes are unique because they are …

Transcription factors (TFs) influence cell fate by interpreting the regulatory DNA within a
genome. TFs recognize DNA in a specific manner; the mechanisms underlying this …

Eukaryotic transcription factors (TFs) from the same structural family tend to bind similar DNA
sequences, despite the ability of these TFs to execute distinct functions in vivo. The cell …

In animals, Hox transcription factors define regional identity in distinct anatomical domains.
How Hox genes encode this specificity is a paradox, because different Hox proteins bind …

Specific interactions between proteins and DNA are fundamental to many biological
processes. In this review, we provide a revised view of protein-DNA interactions that …

Members of transcription factor families typically have similar DNA binding specificities yet
execute unique functions in vivo. Transcription factors often bind DNA as multiprotein …

The neural circuits governing vital behaviors, such as respiration and locomotion, are
comprised of discrete neuronal populations residing within the brainstem and spinal cord …