Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information
processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and …

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which causes lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), is a
common diagnosis among the ageing male population with increasing prevalence. Many …

Background & Aims Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by
intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that …

The human prostate is a walnut-sized organ at the base of the urinary bladder. It is the seat
of three major causes of morbidity:(1) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),(2) prostate …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus has emerged as a major global health concern that
has accelerated in recent years due to poor diet and lifestyle. Afflicted individuals have high …

Purpose: The typical toxidrome in organophosphate (OP) poisoning comprises of the
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric cramps, Emesis (SLUDGE) symptoms …

CONTEXT: Antimuscarinic agents are currently the first-line pharmacotherapy for overactive
bladder. OBJECTIVES: A systematic review published in 2005 was updated, including data …

Bile acids (BA) are amphipathic steroid acids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. They
act as detergents to expedite the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and lipophilic …

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), M1–M5, regulate the activity of numerous
fundamental central and peripheral functions. The lack of small-molecule ligands that can …

Recently, the concept of the brain-gut-microbiota (BGM) axis disturbances in the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been receiving growing attention. At the …