Abstract The climate of South America (SA) has long held an intimate connection with El
Niño, historically describing anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures off the coastline of …

This paper provides an updated review of the most relevant scientific literature related to the
hydroclimate of the Andes. The Andes, the longest cordillera in the world, faces major …

Oceanic heat sources disturb the atmosphere, which, to come back to its initial state,
disperses waves. These waves affect the climate in remote regions, characterizing the …

In Northeast Brazil (NEB), severe droughts have high socioeconomic impacts. In this study,
the spatial–temporal characteristics of drought were evaluated based on a new drought …

The Caatinga semi-arid vegetation in Northeast region of Brazil (NEB) provides a unique
opportunity for studying the vegetation in response to recurring droughts, because of its …

We propose a simple, spatially invariant and probabilistic year-round Empirical
Standardized Soil Moisture Index (ESSMI) that is designed to classify soil moisture …

The aridity-related drought studies have been carried out extensively in Brazilian semi-arid
ecosystems, although there is no report on relating aridity with different drought indices over …

Abstract Purpose of Review Understanding the details of the impact of global warming on
the North and South America monsoons is of key importance for the well-being of a great …

The 2012–2018 drought was such an extreme event in the drought-prone area of Northeast
Brazil that it triggered a discussion about proactive drought management. This paper aims at …

The interannual variability and trends of sea surface temperature (SST) around southern
South America are studied from 1982 to 2017 using monthly values of the Optimally …