Ever since the first plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) were isolated and identified,
questions about their ecological functions and diversity have been raised. Recent advances …

Genetically diverse populations can increase plant resistance to natural enemies. Yet,
beneficial genotype pairs remain elusive due to the occurrence of positive or negative …

Natural variation in trichome pattern (amount and distribution) is prominent among
populations of many angiosperms. However, the degree of parallelism in the genetic …

Many plant species have evolved defense traits against herbivores. Associational effects
(AEs) refer to a kind of apparent interaction where the herbivory risk to a focal plant species …

Background Genetic variation in plants alters insect abundance and community structure in
the field; however, little is known about the importance of a single gene among diverse plant …

Understanding the evolutionary forces that maintain phenotypic variation in ecologically
relevant traits has long been one of the central goals of evolutionary ecology. While the …

While arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may have a prominent role in trophic ecology,
mycorrhizal improvement or reduction on herbivore growth and survival may also be …

An increasing number of field studies have shown that the phenotype of an individual plant
depends not only on its genotype but also on those of neighboring plants; however, this fact …

Phenotypic plasticity is the primary mechanism of organismal resilience to abiotic and biotic
stress, and genetic differentiation in plasticity can evolve if stresses differ among …

Excessive amounts of metal ions in soil are toxic for most plant species, yet metal can also
facilitate plant survival by elemental defense against herbivores and pathogens. Zinc and …