Coal is one of the world's most abundant primary energy sources. Real-time coal analysis
technology is imperative for coal blending, combustion optimization, pollution reduction, and …

Conventional combustion control systems for multi-burner furnaces rely on simplified
temperature measurement schemes away from the flame and single-point exhaust …

This paper examines ignition processes of an n-heptane spray in a flow typical of a liquid-
fuelled burner. The spray is created by a hollow-cone pressure atomiser placed in the centre …

To enhance optical emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, both a pair of
permanent magnets and an aluminum hemispherical cavity (diameter: 11.1 mm) were used …

Methods of quickly and rapidly measuring gas composition in combustion systems are of
great practical interest. Optical methods such as Raman spectroscopy are quite useful in …

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for simultaneous measurement
of the elements C, H, N, and O in CO_2–air, C_3H_8–CO_2, and C_3H_8–N_2 gas …

To improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,
the plasma produced by a Nd: YAG laser from steel targets was confined by a cavity. A …

Nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (ns-LIBS) is employed for quantitative
local fuel-air (F/A) ratio (ie, ratio of actual fuel-to-oxidizer mass over ratio of fuel-to-oxidizer …

Abstract Quantitative, one-dimensional (1D), single-laser-shot, fuel–air ratio (FAR)
measurements in both laminar and turbulent methane–air flames were conducted using time …

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy has been applied to laminar premixed methane–
air flames in order to obtain, for the first time, quantitative measurements of atomic species …