Background Integrating computational thinking (CT) into STEM education has recently
drawn significant attention, strengthened by the premise that CT and STEM are mutually …

National attention has been given to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) education, which is well recognized as an effective way to cultivate the key …

Theories advocate that creative thinking could be strengthened within the science
curriculum, yet empirical evidence supporting a connection between the two remains limited …

Cultural entities and local or national wisdom can serve to provide scientific knowledge to
students, and the in-depth knowledge in the fields of science must be underpinned by critical …

Inquiry-based learning allows students to learn about scientific phenomena in an
exploratory way. Inquiry-based learning can take place in online environments in which …

Learning science requires students to conceptualize complex scientific concepts, discover
scientific facts, and share ideas with others. In this process, scientific vocabulary and …

Few studies focused on exploring students' scientific reasoning ability (SRA) using self-
developed test based on large sample. The main purposes of this study were to evaluate …

In modern science-and technology-based societies, competencies that allow citizens to
reason scientifically play a key role for science-and technology-based careers as well as for …

With increasing focus on primary curricular reform in Ireland, there is a growing recognition
of the significance of early childhood education. As a result, professional development …

Acquiring observational competences is an important task in early science education. It
helps children to make a transition from seeing to observing and develo** scientific …