Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

Calcium imaging is emerging as a popular technique in neuroscience. A major reason is
that intracellular calcium transients are reflections of electrical events in neurons. For …

Information is carried between brain regions through neurotransmitter release from axonal
presynaptic terminals. Understanding the functional roles of defined neuronal projection …

Abstract Information is transmitted between brain regions through the release of
neurotransmitters from long-range projecting axons. Understanding how the activity of such …

Optical manipulations of genetically defined cell types have generated significant insights
into the dynamics of neural circuits. While optogenetic activation has been relatively …

The axon is a neuronal structure capable of processing, encoding, and transmitting
information. This assessment contrasts with a limiting, but deeply rooted, perspective where …

The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the
midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive …

Dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates diverse effects on neuronal
physiology and function, but the expression of dopamine receptors at subpopulations of …

The axon is responsible for integrating synaptic signals, generating action potentials (APs),
propagating those APs to downstream synapses and converting them into patterns of …

Opioids regulate circuits associated with motivation and reward across the brain. Of the
opioid receptor types, delta opioid receptors (DORs) appear to have a unique role in …