Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

Various forms of fibrosis, comprising tissue thickening and scarring, are involved in 40% of
deaths across the world. Since the discovery of scarless functional healing in fetuses prior to …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) represents an evolutionarily conserved family of
secreted polypeptide factors that regulate many aspects of physiological embryogenesis …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in normal development and
homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGF-β responsiveness and its downstream signaling …

We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective
protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular …

Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate
extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by …

Striated muscle is a highly plastic and regenerative organ that regulates body movement,
temperature, and metabolism—all the functions needed for an individual's health and well …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors control the development
and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals by contacting two distantly related transmem-
brane serine/threonine kinases called receptors I and II. The role of these molecules in …

Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-β family member that acts as a negative regulator
of skeletal muscle mass. To identify possible myostatin inhibitors that may have applications …