Fish biology has been developed for more than 100 years, but some important
breakthroughs have been made in the last decade. Early studies commonly concentrated on …

The wide variety of animal behaviours that can be observed today arose through the
evolution of their underlying neural circuits. Advances in understanding the mechanisms …

Closely related species often use the same genes to adapt to similar environments.
However, we know little about why such genes possess increased adaptive potential and …

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that a single phenotype can be produced by many
different genotypes; however, in natural systems, it is frequently found that phenotypic …

Understanding the extent to which ecological divergence is repeatable is essential for
predicting responses of biodiversity to environmental change. Here we test the predictability …

When diverse lineages repeatedly adapt to similar environmental challenges, the extent to
which the same genes are involved (gene reuse) varies across systems. We propose that …

Population genetic theory predicts that small effective population sizes (N e) and restricted
gene flow limit the potential for local adaptation. In particular, the probability of evolving …

Global adaptation occurs when all populations of a species undergo selection toward a
common optimum. This can occur by a hard selective sweep with the emergence of a new …

Biologists have long been intrigued by apparently predictable and repetitive evolutionary
trajectories inferred across a variety of lineages and systems. In recent years, high …

Convergent local adaptation offers a glimpse into the role of constraint and stochasticity in
adaptive evolution, in particular the extent to which similar genetic mechanisms drive …