The widespread use of the internet and the exponential growth in small hardware diversity
enable the development of Internet of things (IoT)-based localization systems. We review …

This paper proposes a long-range (LoRa)-based outdoor localization and tracking method.
Our method presents an unsupervised localization approach that utilizes symbolized LoRa …

Low‐power localisation systems are crucial for machine‐to‐machine communication
technologies. This article investigates LoRa technology for localisation using multiple …

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is proliferating in technology and automation. Some
popular IoT applications include environmental monitoring, home automation, agriculture …

Currently, outdoor navigation systems have widely been used around the world on
smartphones. They rely on GPS (Global Positioning System). However, indoor navigation …

Several technologies provide cellular connectivity to transmit data to end devices (EDs) in
the indoor environment. These technologies have short-range; complex network …

In recent years, low-power wide area networks (LPWANs), particularly Long-Range Wide
Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology, are increasingly being adopted into large-scale …

In the rapidly evolving Internet of Things (IoT) field, wireless communication technologies
have revolutionized industries by connecting smart devices for extensive data sharing and …

The ability to offer long-range, high scalability, sustainability, and low-power wireless
communication, are the key factors driving the rapid adoption of the LoRaWAN technology in …

Highlights What are the main findings? Noise can cause discrepancies in the estimated
distances, including negative values, indicating inaccuracies in reference base station …