A celebrated and controversial hypothesis suggests that some biological systems—parts,
aspects, or groups of them—may extract important functional benefits from operating at the …

Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective
sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what …

Transfer Entropy Page 1 Chapter 4 Transfer Entropy In this chapter we get to the essential
mathematics of the book—a detailed discussion of transfer entropy. To begin with we look at …

Ecosystems have recently emerged as a visible stream in organization and management
research. The ecosystem concept promises a broader, systems view of organizational and …

Complex systems are increasingly being viewed as distributed information processing
systems, particularly in the domains of computational neuroscience, bioinformatics, and …

The Internet has become essential to all aspects of modern life, and thus the consequences
of network disruption have become increasingly severe. It is widely recognised that the …

Interest in emergence amongst philosophers and scientists has grown in recent years, yet
the concept continues to be viewed with skepticism by many. In this book, Paul Humphreys …

We reexamine the assumptions of current theory to update and extend the concept of task
complexity to tasks that include multiple actors at any level of analysis. Tasks can be …

To fully characterize the information that two source variables carry about a third target
variable, one must decompose the total information into redundant, unique, and synergistic …

Abstract Concepts used in the scientific study of complex systems have become so
widespread that their use and abuse has led to ambiguity and confusion in their meaning. In …