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A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity
MF Flajnik - Nature Reviews Immunology, 2018 - nature.com
The adaptive immune system arose 500 million years ago in ectothermic (cold-blooded)
vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of …
vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of …
Overview of chytrid emergence and impacts on amphibians
KR Lips - … Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological …, 2016 - royalsocietypublishing.org
Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians that affects over 700
species on all continents where amphibians occur. The amphibian–chytridiomycosis system …
species on all continents where amphibians occur. The amphibian–chytridiomycosis system …
Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions
Amphibian declines and extinctions are emblematic for the current sixth mass extinction
event. Infectious drivers of these declines include the recently emerged fungal pathogens …
event. Infectious drivers of these declines include the recently emerged fungal pathogens …
Natural history collections as windows on evolutionary processes
Natural history collections provide an immense record of biodiversity on Earth. These
repositories have traditionally been used to address fundamental questions in …
repositories have traditionally been used to address fundamental questions in …
Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis …
The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which affects species across all continents,
recently emerged as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Yet, many aspects of the …
recently emerged as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Yet, many aspects of the …
Improving conservation policy with genomics: a guide to integrating adaptive potential into US Endangered Species Act decisions for conservation practitioners and …
Rapid environmental change makes adaptive potential—the capacity of populations to
evolve genetically based changes in response to selection—more important than ever for …
evolve genetically based changes in response to selection—more important than ever for …
Review of the amphibian immune response to chytridiomycosis, and future directions
The fungal skin disease, chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and
B. salamandrivorans), has caused amphibian declines and extinctions globally since its …
B. salamandrivorans), has caused amphibian declines and extinctions globally since its …
History and recent progress on chytridiomycosis in amphibians
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) emerged in the 1970s in Australia and the Americas,
causing rapid and catastrophic declines and extinctions of naïve amphibian populations as it …
causing rapid and catastrophic declines and extinctions of naïve amphibian populations as it …
After the epidemic: ongoing declines, stabilizations and recoveries in amphibians afflicted by chytridiomycosis
The impacts of pathogen emergence in naïve hosts can be catastrophic, and pathogen
spread now ranks as a major threat to biodiversity. However, pathogen impacts can persist …
spread now ranks as a major threat to biodiversity. However, pathogen impacts can persist …
Adaptive tolerance to a pathogenic fungus drives major histocompatibility complex evolution in natural amphibian populations
Amphibians have been affected globally by the disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the
fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and we are just now beginning to understand …
fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and we are just now beginning to understand …