The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR plays multiple roles in cells, in
response to different stress situations. As a member of the interferon (IFN)‑Stimulated …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections become chronic in the majority of infected individuals, and
chronic hepatitis C (CHC) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The innate …

Background & Aims Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and D virus (HDV) co-infections cause the most
severe form of viral hepatitis. HDV induces an innate immune response, but it is unknown …

Sensing viruses by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) triggers the innate immune system
of the host cell and activates immune signaling cascades such as the RIG-I/IRF3 pathway …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of chronic hepatitis and is currently
treated with alpha interferon (IFN-α)-based therapies. However, the underlying mechanism …

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and therefore their replication completely
depends on host cell factors. In case of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive-strand RNA …

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) raise worldwide veterinary and public health concerns due to
their potential for zoonotic transmission. While infection with highly pathogenic AIV results in …

Virus infection-induced global protein synthesis suppression is linked to assembly of stress
granules (SGs), cytosolic aggregates of stalled translation preinitiation complexes. To study …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in primary liver cells is less robust than that in hepatoma
cell lines, suggesting that innate antiviral mechanisms in primary cells may limit HCV …

Effective innate and adaptive immune responses are essential for the control of hepatitis C
virus (HCV) infection. Indeed, elimination of HCV during acute infection correlates with an …