Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and
arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot …

Accumulating studies have indicated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the onset
of autoimmune diseases by engaging in complex interactions with the host. This review aims …

Understanding of the metabolic reprogramming has revolutionized our insights into tumor
progression and potential treatment. This review concentrates on the aberrant metabolic …

Leukemia poses a significant clinical challenge due to its swift onset, rapid progression, and
treatment-related complications. Tumor immune evasion, facilitated by immune checkpoints …

Background Exposure to environmental pollutants is suspected to be one of the potential
causes accounting for the increase in thyroid cancer (TC) incidence worldwide. Among the …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex three-dimensional structure composed of
proteins, glycans, and proteoglycans, constituting a critical component of the tumor …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing recognition as significant regulators of
intercellular communication in various physiological and pathological processes. These …

Glutathione (GSH) is the primary antioxidant in cells, and GSH consumption will break the
redox balance in cells. Based on this, a method that uses high concentrations of GSH in the …

Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates the physiological and
pathological signals to the periphery and vice versa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a …

Increasing the penetration and accumulation of antitumor drugs at the tumor site are crucial
in chemotherapy. Smaller drug‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) typically exhibit increased tumor …