Nano-fabrication techniques have demonstrated their vital importance in technological
innovation. However, low-throughput, high-cost and intrinsic resolution limits pose …

Microneedles (MNs) have maintained their popularity in therapeutic and diagnostic medical
applications throughout the past decade. MNs are originally designed to gently puncture the …

Background Regular blood glucose monitoring is very important for diabetic patients. The
composition of skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is similar to that of blood, which can be used for …

Similar to blood, interstitial fluid (ISF) contains exogenous drugs and biomarkers and may
therefore substitute blood in drug analysis. However, current ISF extraction techniques …

Hollow microneedle devices as a technology for interstitial fluid extraction show promise for
the minimally invasive point‐of‐care detection of analytes. Despite increasing efforts toward …

Wearable devices have become prevalent in biomedical studies due to their convenient
portability and potential utility in biomarker monitoring for healthcare. Accessing interstitial …

Bioanalyte collection by blood draw is a painful process, prone to needle phobia and
injuries. Microneedles can be engineered to penetrate the epidermal skin barrier and collect …

Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) has emerged as a fungible biofluid sample for blood serum and
plasma for disease diagnosis and therapy. The sampling of skin ISF is highly desirable …

In this paper, a dual wavelength short near-infrared system is described for the detection of
glucose levels. The system aims to improve the accuracy of blood glucose detection in a …

Transdermal transport can be challenging due to the difficulty in diffusing active substances
through the outermost layer of the epidermis, as the primary function of the skin is to protect …