Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an emergent technique that miniaturizes force
feedback, especially popular for untethered haptic devices, such as mobile gaming, VR, or …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been widely used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI)
patients. Many research studies employ a closed-loop FES system to monitor the stimulated …

In patients with stroke and spinal cord injury, motor function is reduced or even lost because
motor nerve signals cannot be transmitted due to nerve injury. Functional electrical …

Musculoskeletal models play an essential role in ankle rehabilitation research. The majority
of the existing models have established the relationship between EMG and joint torque …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has shown potential in rehabilitative exercises for
patients recovering from spinal cord injuries. In recent developments, conventional open …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been widely used in limb rehabilitation. The first
step for the precision rehabilition is to clarify the variation of limb angle induced by FES. In …

A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in a synchronous motor is widely used
because of its simple structure, robustness, strength and ease of use. The use of a PID …

Prior applications of the cerebellar adaptive filter model have included a range of tasks
within simulated and robotic systems. However, this has been limited to systems driven by …

Background Users of neuroprostheses employing electrical stimulation (ES) generally
complete the stand-to-sit (STS) maneuver with high knee angular velocities, increased …

Lower-limb rehabilitation programs are beneficial in restoring function for people with
neurological disorders. Combining techniques and equipment, such as active orthoses and …