Background The absence of a single, identifiable traumatic cause has been traditionally
used as a definition for a causative factor of overuse injury. Excessive loading, insufficient …

Optimal fracture treatment requires knowledge of the complex physiological process of bone
healing. The course of bone healing is mainly influenced by fracture fixation stability …

Background: Recent investigations on the biochemical pathways after a musculoskeletal
injury have suggested that vitamin C (ascorbic acid) may be a viable supplement to enhance …

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is defined by cognitive impairment determined
by neuropsychological tests from before to after surgery. Several mechanisms have been …

In 490 BC, the Persian Army landed on the plain of Marathon, 25 miles from Athens. The
Athenians sent a messenger named Feidipides to Sparta to ask for help. He ran the 150 …

Following severe tissue injury, patients are exposed to various danger‐and microbe‐
associated molecular patterns, which provoke a strong activation of the neutrophil defense …

Bone healing involves complex biological pathways and interactions among various cell
types and microenvironments. Among them, the monocyte–macrophage–osteoclast lineage …

Biomaterials play an important role in treating bone defects by promoting direct osteogenic
healing through intramembranous ossification (IO). However, majority of the body's bones …

Key events occurring during the bone healing include well-orchestrated and complex
interactions between immune cells, multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and …

Background: Vitamin C has been proposed to improve outcomes after a distal radial fracture
by promotion of bone and soft-tissue healing and reduction of the prevalence of complex …