Evergreen species are widespread across the globe, representing two major plant functional
forms in terrestrial models. We reviewed and analysed the responses of photosynthesis and …

Abstract Terrestrial ecosystems release~ 106–130 PgC yr–1 into the atmosphere through
respiration, counterbalancing photosynthetic carbon uptake and determining the strength of …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Many feedback loops significantly increase warming due to greenhouse gas emissions.
However, not all of these feedbacks are fully accounted for in climate models. Thus …

Ecosystem respiration (ER) is among the largest carbon fluxes between the biosphere and
the atmosphere. Understanding the temperature response of ER is crucial for predicting the …

Predicting the consequences of manipulating genotype (G) and agronomic management (M)
on agricultural ecosystem performances under future environmental (E) conditions remains …

Global vegetation and land‐surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific
understanding of the behaviour of plants and ecosystems, and are indispensable to project …

With the growing use of fossil fuels and industrial activity, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO
2) emission is continuously increasing and is considered a primary contributor to climate …