The therapy of neural nerve injuries that involve the disruption of axonal pathways or axonal
tracts has taken a new dimension with the development of tissue engineering techniques …

The repairing process in the nervous system is complicated and brings great challenges to
researchers. Tissue engineering scaffolds provide an alternative approach for neural …

BACKGROUND: The problem of AMR remains unsolved because standardized schemes for
diagnosis and treatment remains contentious. Therefore, a consensus conference was …

Cells of nonprimate mammals express an abundance of the carbohydrate structure Galal-
3Gal~ l-4GlcNAc-R (termed the a-galactosyl epitope). The natural anti-Gal antibody, which …

The complement system has developed a remarkably simple but elegant manner of
regulating itself. It has faced and successfully dealt with how to facilitate activation on a …

Nerve diseases including acute injury such as peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord
injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and chronic disease like neurodegeneration …

A major problem with pig-to-human-tissue xenograft studies is that humans have natural
antibodies to pig cells; these antibodies would cause hyperacute rejection if pig tissues were …

BACKGROUND: Acute cellular rejection is the mechanism of most immune-related injury in
cardiac transplant recipients. However, antibody-mediated humoral rejection (HR) has also …

Hyperacute rejection is the inevitable consequence of the transplantation of vascularized
organs between phylogenetically distant species. The nature of the incompatibility and the …

Transplantation of the whole liver, or a portion of the liver, has been remarkably effective in
the treatment of liver failure and liver-based inherited metabolic diseases. In spite of …