▪ Abstract There are three major classes of insect genetic systems: those with diploid males
(diplodiploidy), those with effectively haploid males (haplodiploidy), and those without males …

Sex determination refers to the developmental programme that commits the embryo to either
the male or the female pathway. The animal kingdom possesses a wealth of mechanisms …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Genome stability is a crucial feature of eukaryotic organisms because its alteration
drastically affects the normal development and survival of cells and the organism as a …

The ability to generate haploids and subsequently induce chromosome doubling
significantly accelerates the crop breeding process. Haploids have been induced through …

In general, the strict preservation of broad-scale structure is thought to be critical for
maintaining the precisely tuned functionality of vertebrate genomes, although nearly all …

The programmed elimination of part of the genome through chromosome loss or chromatin
diminution constitutes an exceptional biological process found to be present in several …

Mendelian inheritance is based upon random segregation of homologous chromosomes
during meiosis and perfect duplication and division of chromosomes in mitosis so that the …

Over many decades, a great number of exceptions from the rule of equal segregation of the
chromosomes during cell division have been found in different animal species. The most …

Sex determining mechanisms are highly diverse. Like all Hymenoptera, the parasitic wasp
Nasonia vitripennis reproduces by haplodiploidy: males are haploid and females are …