▪ Abstract The ability of pathogens to obtain iron from transferrins, ferritin, hemoglobin, and
other iron-containing proteins of their host is central to whether they live or die. To combat …

▪ Abstract Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized
form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in …

To fulfill their nutritional requirement for iron, bacteria utilize various iron sources which
include the host proteins transferrin and lactoferrin, heme, and low molecular weight iron …

Heme and iron metabolism are of considerable interest and importance in normal brain
function as well as in neurodegeneration and neuropathologically following traumatic injury …

In gram-negative bacteria, type I secretion is carried out by a translocator made up of three
proteins that span the cell envelope. One of these proteins is a specific outer membrane …

Hemes remain one of the most visible and versatile classes of cofactors utilized in biology. 1
Since their discovery, the structural and functional aspects of heme proteins have fascinated …

Iron is a transition metal utilized by nearly all forms of life for essential cellular processes,
such as DNA synthesis and cellular respiration. During infection by bacterial pathogens, the …

The highly contagious disease tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb), which has been evolving drug resistance at an alarming rate. Like all …

The major mechanisms by which Gram-negative bacteria acquire heme from host heme-
carrier proteins involve either direct binding to specific outer membrane receptors or release …

Release of hemoglobin into plasma is a physiological phenomenon associated with
intravascular hemolysis. In plasma, stable haptoglobin‐hemoglobin complexes are formed …