Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular
heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Macrophages play an important role in cancer development and metastasis.
Proinflammatory M1 macrophages can phagocytose tumor cells, while anti‐inflammatory M2 …

Nanotechnology is the exploitation of the unique properties of materials at the nanoscale.
Nanotechnology has gained popularity in several industries, as it offers better built and …

Nanomaterial (NM) delivery to solid tumors has been the focus of intense research for over a
decade. Classically, scientists have tried to improve NM delivery by employing passive or …

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease
progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and …

The intrinsic limits of conventional cancer therapies prompted the development and
application of various nanotechnologies for more effective and safer cancer treatment …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are attracting a growing interest in the scientific community due to
their central role in the etiology of major diseases. On the other hand, nanoparticle carriers …

Cancer immunotherapies that engage immune cells to fight against tumors are proving to be
powerful weapons in combating cancer and are becoming increasingly utilized in the clinics …

Patients with primary and bone metastatic breast cancer have significantly reduced survival
and life quality. Due to the poor drug delivery efficiency of anti-metastasis therapy and the …

Hypoxia development in tumor is closely associated with its increased aggressiveness and
strong resistance to therapy, leading to the poor prognosis in several cancer types …