Today, biodiversity decreases from equatorial to polar regions. This is a fundamental pattern
governing the distribution of extant organisms, the understanding of which is critical to …

Current interest and debate on pollen-assemblage richness as a proxy for past plant
richness have prompted us to review recent developments in assessing whether modern …

The latitudinal gradient in species richness, with more species in the tropics and richness
declining with latitude, is widely known and has been assumed to be stable over recent …

Marine phytoplankton and zooplankton form the basis of the ocean's food-web, yet the
impacts of climate change on their biodiversity are poorly understood. Here, we use an …

The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of
marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns of diversity and the underlying drivers …

Despite their importance to ocean productivity, global patterns of marine phytoplankton
diversity remain poorly characterized. Although temperature is considered a key driver of …

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a prevalent feature of modern ecosystems across
diverse clades,,–. Recognized for well over a century, the causal mechanisms for LDGs …

The mid-Piacenzian is known as a period of relative warmth when compared to the present
day. A comprehensive understanding of conditions during the Piacenzian serves as both a …

The geographic ranges of marine organisms, including planktonic foraminifera, diatoms,
dinoflagellates, copepods and fish, are shifting polewards owing to anthropogenic climate …

Many studies have implied significant effects of global climate change on marine life. Setting
these alterations into the context of historical natural change has not been attempted so far …