Attachment bonds are a defining feature of mammals. A conceptual framework on human
attachments is presented, integrating insights from animal research with neuroimaging …

Sex differences in stress responses can be found at all stages of life and are related to both
the organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones and to genes on the sex …

Recent scientific and technological advances have brought us closer to being able to apply
a true biopsychosocial approach to the study of resilience in humans. Decades of research …

The neurobiology of stress and the neurobiology of social behavior are deeply intertwined.
The social environment interacts with stress on almost every front: social interactions can be …

Exposure to stressful events can be differently perceived by individuals and can have
persistent sequelae depending on the level of stress resilience or vulnerability of each …

Early life stress–including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss
of a parent, and other forms of adversity–increases lifetime risk of mood, anxiety, and …

Research on co** during childhood and adolescence is distinguished by its focus on how
children deal with actual stressors in real-life contexts. Despite burgeoning literatures within …

The effects of early‐life trauma and its consequences for the treatment of depression are
reviewed. The prevalence and clinical sequelae of early sexual and physical abuse, neglect …

Humans exhibit a remarkable degree of resilience in the face of extreme stress, with most
resisting the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past 5 years, there has …

There is significant variation in the way individuals react and respond to extreme stress and
adversity. While some individuals develop psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic …