An increase in the number of reports of legionellosis in the European Union and the
European Economic Area have been recorded in recent years. The increase in cases is …

Legionnaires' disease is a significant health problem in many countries. Clinical
manifestations are unreliable in diagnosing Legionnaires' disease. Therefore, diagnostic …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a facultative bacterium that is pathogenic. It is ubiquitous in the
environment including air handling systems. It causes microbiologically influenced corrosion …

The design of a wet cooling tower involves a number of trade-offs including the efficiency of
the device to remove waste heat (thermal performance) and environmental aspects …

Matrix-embedded, surface-attached microbial communities, known as biofilms, profusely
colonise industrial cooling water systems, where the availability of nutrients and organic …

In the design of a cooling tower there are two key aspects, the thermal performance and
emissions level. The main objective of this paper was the experimental optimisation in terms …

Legionnaires' disease (LD) is a severe pneumonia caused by several species of the genus
Legionella, most frequently by Legionella pneumophila. Cooling towers are the most …

Cooling towers (CTs) are a leading source of outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease (LD), a
severe form of pneumonia caused by inhalation of aerosols containing Legionella bacteria …

This paper presents a critical evaluation of the thermal performance analysis of the inverted
cooling tower, which was conceived as a new cooling tower prototype that prevents the …

Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is one of the most threatening nosocomial
pathogens. The implementation of novel and more effective surveillance and diagnostic …