The lack of progress in reversing the declining global trend in biodiversity is partly due to a
mismatch between how living nature is conceived and valued by the conservation …

Europe's forest provide multiple ecosystem services for societies, ranging from provisioning
(eg wood) and regulating (eg climate mitigation and biodiversity) to cultural (eg recreation) …

Understanding the complex interactions among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
is key to achieving all of the SDGs and 'leaving no one behind'. However, research about …

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) projects aim to
contribute to climate change mitigation by protecting and enhancing carbon stocks in …

We develop a theory of change for payments for environmental services (PES) to review
their imminent strengths and weaknesses in light of a growing body of impact evaluation …

The world's forests provide valuable contributions to people but continue to be threatened by
agricultural expansion and other land uses. Counterfactual-based methods are increasingly …

Highlights•Biodiversity and ecosystem services are perceived differently by different
stakeholders.•Land management decisions require negotiating trade-offs among values and …

Abstract Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) is now widely accepted as a policy tool for
advancing both ecological and social progress. The Chinese government's Grain to Green …

Highlights•NBS are promising adaptations to climate change, but incur significant
challenges.•A systems-based approach helps address NBS challenges and promote …

Ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) transfer public revenue between governments within a
country based on ecological indicators. EFT can compensate subnational governments for …