The dual character of corals, that they are both auto‐and heterotrophs, was recognized early
in the twentieth Century. It is generally accepted that the symbiotic association between …

Highlights•MCE habitat and diversity have been previously underestimated.•The shallow-
water reef community overlaps considerably with the upper mesophotic.•The lower …

Mass coral bleaching events have occurred on a global scale throughout the world's tropical
oceans and can result in large-scale coral mortality and degradation of coral reef …

Most studies on coral reefs have focused on shallow reef (< 30 m) systems due to the
technical limitations of conducting scientific diving deeper than 30 m. Compared to their …

Uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans is altering seawater chemistry with potentially
serious consequences for coral reef ecosystems due to the reduction of seawater pH and …

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs), occurring at depths of 30 to over 150m, represents
the deep continuum of adjacent shallow coral reefs about which little is known. These reefs …

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations threaten coral reefs globally by causing ocean
acidification (OA) and warming. Yet, the combined effects of elevated p CO2 and …

Bleached and non-bleached fragments of three species of Hawaiian corals were exposed to
enhanced and ambient concentrations of zooplankton at 1 and 6 m depth to determine the …

Laboratory experiments on the branching, symbiont-bearing coral genus Porites and
Acropora have been carried out to determine the dependence of the skeletal boron isotopic …

Biogenic calcification is influenced by the concentration of available carbonate ions. The
recent confirmation of this for hermatypic corals has raised concern over the future of coral …