Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous
virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine …

Disease symptoms Symptoms include water‐soaked areas surrounded by chlorosis turning
into necrotic spots on all aerial parts of plants. On tomato fruits, small, water‐soaked, or …

Prior to the identification of Xanthomonas perforans associated with bacterial spot of tomato
in 1991, X. euvesicatoria was the only known species in Florida. Currently, X. perforans is …

• The immune pathway responsible for perception of the Xanthomonas perforans effector
XopJ4 was identified in the plant Nicotiana benthamiana. This pathogen causes significant …

Some nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) indirectly detect
pathogen effectors by monitoring their host targets. In Arabidopsis thaliana, RIN4 is targeted …

Before 1991, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria was the causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato in
Florida but was quickly replaced by X. perforans. The X. perforans population has changed …

Xanthomonas perforans is the predominant pathogen responsible for bacterial leaf spot of
tomato and X. euvesicatoria for that of pepper in the southeast United States. Previous …

Bacterial spot of tomatoes (BST) caused by Xanthomonas perforans, is a ubiquitous disease
of tomato in field and transplant operations in Florida. For disease management, producers …

The introduction of plant pathogens can quickly reshape disease dynamics in island agro-
ecologies, representing a continuous challenge for local crop management strategies …

Effectors are small, secreted molecules that alter host cell structure and function, thereby
facilitating infection or triggering a defense response. Effectoromics studies have focused on …