In recent years, scientists have made remarkable progress reconstructing the animal
phylogeny. There is broad agreement regarding many deep animal relationships, including …

Sponges (phylum Porifera) are a diverse taxon of benthic aquatic animals of great
ecological, commercial, and biopharmaceutical importance. They are arguably the earliest …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are present in all types of cells as well as in organelles. tRNAs of
animal mitochondria show a low level of primary sequence conservation and exhibit …

The sea slug Elysia chlorotica acquires plastids by ingestion of its algal food source
Vaucheria litorea. Organelles are sequestered in the mollusc's digestive epithelium, where …

In nearly all animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consists of a single circular molecule that
encodes several subunits of the protein complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as …

Symbiotic animals containing green photobionts challenge the common perception that only
plants are capable of capturing the sun's rays and converting them into biological energy …

Choanoflagellates have three distinctive claims to fame: they are the closest, living,
unicellular relatives of animals; they are a major component of aquatic microbial foodwebs; …

Despite their ecological significance as decomposers and their evolutionary significance as
the most speciose eusocial insect group outside the Hymenoptera, termite (Blattodea …

The construction of a stable phylogeny for the Cestoda, indicating the interrelationships of
recognised orders and other major lineages, has proceeded iteratively since the group first …

Recent data from mitochondrial genomics and proteomics research demonstrate the
existence of several atypical mitochondrial protein-coding genes (other than the standard …