Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, in its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms, is a
reduction–oxidation (redox) co-factor and substrate for signalling enzymes that have …

This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5.
These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can …

Despite intensive preventive cardiovascular disease (CVD) efforts, substantial residual CVD
risk remains even for individuals receiving all guideline-recommended interventions. Niacin …

In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known
individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as
an electron carrier in cellular metabolism and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of …

Nicotinamide (NAM) at doses far above those recommended for vitamins is suggested to be
effective against a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, including neurological …

Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism contributes to the
initiation and progression of age-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that is
present in all living cells. NAD+ acts as an important cofactor and substrate for a multitude of …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form, NAD+) is a critical coenzyme, with
functions ranging from redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondrial respiration …

The functional cofactors derived from vitamin B3 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD+), its phosphorylated form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) …