Our ability to detect, image, and quantify nanoscopic objects and molecules with visible light
has undergone dramatic improvements over the past few decades. While fluorescence has …

Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for
their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these …

BACKGROUND Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv) has evolved
resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam which is used to control …

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is the target for more than 50 commercial herbicides;
first applied to crops in the 1980s. Since then, 197 site-of-action resistance isolates have …

Enzymes that use thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), the biologically active derivative of vitamin
B1, as a cofactor play important roles in cellular metabolism in all domains of life. The …

Given the prevalence of the malignant weed Chinese Sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis
(L.) Nees) in rice fields, the development of novel herbicides against this weed has aroused …

In the face of increasing resistance to the currently used commercial herbicides and the lack
of success in identifying new herbicide targets, alternative herbicides need to be developed …

New fungicide modes of action are needed for fungicide resistance management strategies.
Several commercial herbicide targets found in fungi that are not utilized by commercial …

Vitamin B5, also called D-pantothenic acid (D-PA), is a necessary micronutrient that plays an
essential role in maintaining the physiological function of an organism. It is widely used in …

Amidosulfuron (AS) is from the commercial sulfonylurea herbicide family. It is highly effective
against dicot broad-leaf weeds. This herbicide targets acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) …