Insect guts present distinctive environments for microbial colonization, and bacteria in the
gut potentially provide many beneficial services to their hosts. Insects display a wide range …

Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

Immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding
processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. Increased …

Integrative explanations of why obesity is more prevalent in some sectors of the human
population than others are lacking. Here, we outline and evaluate one candidate …

Highlights•Honey bees make great energetic and physiological investments in immunity to
mitigate the risks of disease that accompany social living.•Immunity in honey bees is …

Multiple global change pressures, and their interplay, cause plant–pollinator extinctions and
modify species assemblages and interactions. This may alter the risks of pathogen host …

Although reproductive strategies can be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic
factors, life history theory provides a rigorous framework for explaining variation in …

Due to a swift and continuous growth of the insect rearing industry during the last two
decades, there is a need for a better understanding of insect diseases (caused by insect …

Declines in insect pollinators in Europe have been linked to changes in land use. Pollinator
nutrition is dependent on floral resources (ie, nectar and pollen), which are linked to …

Malnutrition is a major cause of colony losses. In managed hives, bees are fed protein
supplements (PS) during pollen shortages. If bees were provided with natural forage instead …