Sustainable management of forest ecosystems requires the use of reliable and easy to
implement biodiversity and naturalness indicators. Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) can …

Expanding and managing current habitat and species protection measures is at the heart of
the European biodiversity strategy. A structured approach is needed to gain insights into …

The increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management
to adapt forestry practices to deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview to identify …

Carbon accounting in the land sector requires a reference level from which to calculate past
losses of carbon and potential for gains using a stock-based target. Carbon carrying …

We analyse the short‐and long‐term consequences for atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG)
concentrations of forest management strategies and forest product uses in Sweden by …

This report presents an assessment of the knowledge and documented spatial data on
primary and old-growth forests in the EU, as well as in some neighbouring countries. The …

The boreal forest is a vast biome encompassing approximately one-third (30%) of the
world's forest area. It harbors about half of the world's remaining natural and near-natural …

This open access book explores a new conceptual framework for the sustainable
management of the boreal forest in the face of climate change. The boreal forest is the …

Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are
strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and …

Forests ecosystems have an indispensable value for global climate and biodiversity
protection. Alongside manifold other functions, forests ecosystems are important suppliers of …