Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are gaining interest in energy conversion technologies. These
membranes are composed of cation-and anion-exchange layers, with an interfacial layer in …

Over the last 15 years, urine treatment technologies have developed from lab studies of a
few pioneers to an interesting innovation, attracting attention from a growing number of …

As an attractive alternative to the Haber–Bosch process, an electrochemical process for
nitrate (NO3–) reduction to ammonia (NH3) has made great strides in the development of …

Livestock manure wastewater, containing high level of ammonia, is a major source of water
contamination, posing serious threats to aquatic ecosystems. Because ammonia is an …

Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts
every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has …

Declining mineral resources, high fertilizer production cost and widespread eutrophication
are calling for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewaters in the context of …

Ammonia removal and recovery from wastewater have been a critical issue worldwide and a
key to achieve a sustainable nitrogen cycle and circular economy. Conventional ammonia …

Nutrient recovery technologies are rapidly expanding due to the need for the appropriate
recycling of key elements from waste resources in order to move towards a truly sustainable …

Throughout the 20th century, the prevailing approach toward nitrogen management in
municipal wastewater treatment was to remove ammonium by transforming it into dinitrogen …