Prediction of scouring characteristics is one of the major issues in hydraulic and hydrology
engineering. Over the past five decades, numerous empirical formulations (EFs), based on …

Local scour, caused by currents, waves, rainstorms, and wind, was the main issue that
affected the stability and fatigue life of cross-sea bridge foundation. Necessarily, the …

This investigation focuses on flow energy, a crucial parameter in the design of water
structures such as channels. The research endeavors to explore the relative energy loss (Δ …

Protection of the channel bed in waterways against scour phenomena in long contractions is
a very significant issue in channels design. Several field and experimental investigations …

The failure of bridges, attributed to bridge pier scouring, poses a significant challenge in
ensuring safe and cost-effective design. Numerous laboratory and field experiments have …

This note deals with the influence of debris accumulation on scour around bridge piers.
Clear-water experiments in different hydraulic conditions have been carried out with three …

In this paper, we discover the origin of the scaling laws of sediment transport under turbulent
flow over a sediment bed, for the first time, from the perspective of the phenomenological …

Spur dikes are elongated structures extending from banks into rivers that mitigate erosion by
forcing the flow away from the bank. The research on grouped spur dikes is insufficient in …

The successful stabilization of riverbanks and the construction of sustainable foundations,
extensive knowledge of the scour process and accurate assessment of scour depth around …

Failures of bridges that span a waterway often result from scour and channel instability near
the bridge foundations. The Houfeng Bridge, which crosses the Da-Chia River in central …